GNU `make'

Node:Shell Function, Next:Make Control Functions, Previous:Origin Function, Up:Functions

### The `shell` Function

The `shell` function is unlike any other function except the `wildcard` function (see The Function `wildcard`) in that it communicates with the world outside of `make`.

The `shell` function performs the same function that backquotes (```) perform in most shells: it does command expansion. This means that it takes an argument that is a shell command and returns the output of the command. The only processing `make` does on the result, before substituting it into the surrounding text, is to convert each newline or carriage-return / newline pair to a single space. It also removes the trailing (carriage-return and) newline, if it's the last thing in the result.

The commands run by calls to the `shell` function are run when the function calls are expanded (see How `make` Reads a Makefile). Because this function involves spawning a new shell, you should carefully consider the performance implications of using the `shell` function within recursively expanded variables vs. simply expanded variables (see The Two Flavors of Variables).

Here are some examples of the use of the `shell` function:

         contents := $(shell cat foo)

sets `contents` to the contents of the file `foo`, with a space (rather than a newline) separating each line.

         files := $(shell echo *.c)

sets `files` to the expansion of `*.c`. Unless `make` is using a very strange shell, this has the same result as `$(wildcard *.c)`.