advertising some product or local event, a rock concert perhaps. But as it approached
and turned, she saw quite a different message: HAPPY BIRTHDAY, HILDE!
“Gate-crasher,” was Alberto’s only comment.
Heavy black clouds from the hills to the south were now beginning to gather
over the town. The little plane disappeared into the grayness.
“I’m afraid there’s going to be a storm,” said Alberto.
“So I’ll take the bus home.”
“I only hope the major isn’t behind this, too.”
“He’s not God Almighty, is he?”
Alberto did not reply. He walked across the room and sat down again by the
coffee table.
“We have to talk about Berkeley,” he said after a while.
Sophie had already resumed her place. She caught herself biting her nails.
“George Berkeley was an Irish bishop who lived from 1685 to 1753,” Alberto
began. There was a long silence.
“Berkeley was an Irish bishop ...” Sophie prompted.
“But he was a philosopher as well...”
“Yes?”
“He felt that current philosophies and science were a threat to the Christian way
of life, that the all-pervading materialism, not least, represented a threat to the Chris-
tian faith in God as creator and preserver of all nature.”
“He did?”
“And yet Berkeley was the most consistent of the empiricists.”
“He believed we cannot know any more of the world than we can perceive
through the senses?”
“More than that. Berkeley claimed that worldly things are indeed as we perceive
them, but they are not ‘things.’ “
“You’ll have to explain that.”
“You remember that Locke pointed out that we cannot make statements about
the ‘secondary qualities’ of things. We cannot say an apple is green and sour. We can
only say we perceive it as being so. But Locke also said that the ‘primary qualities’
like density, gravity, and weight really do belong to the external reality around us.
External reality has, in fact, a material substance.”
“I remember that, and I think Locke’s division of things was important.”
“Yes, Sophie, if only that were all.”
“Goon.”
“Locke believed—just like Descartes and Spinoza— that the material world is a
reality.”
“Yes?”
“This is just what Berkeley questioned, and he did so by the logic of
empiricism. He said the only things that exist are those we perceive. But we do not
perceive ‘material’ or ‘matter.’ We do not perceive things as tangible objects. To
assume that what we perceive has its own underlying ‘substance’ is jumping to
conclusions. We have absolutely no experience on which to base such a claim.”
“How stupid. Look!” Sophie thumped her fist hard on the table. “Ouch,” she
said. “Doesn’t that prove that this table is really a table, both of material and matter?”
“How did you feel it?”
“I felt something hard.”
“You had a sensation of something hard, but you didn’t feel the actual matter in
the table. In the same way, you can dream you are hitting something hard, but there